Emong Jiwo

Urbanization Push and Pull Factors

Land use change in rural areas makes rural communities lose their various livelihoods, the decrease in agricultural land makes them displaced and forced to move to cities to find work in the hope of a better life.

However, the rapid growth of the city has brought various problems, such as the increasing number of urban poor people. They can be found in every corner of the city, looking for a livelihood as beggars, scavengers, manual laborers, street vendors, and other informal sectors. Poverty forces them to take shelter under bridges and traditional markets, which encourages slums and informal settlement growth while at the same time struggling with climate change issues such as flooding and land subsidence.